On October 2, 1187, Saladin achieved what many in the Muslim world had longed for — the recapture of Jerusalem. Unlike the massacre that occurred during the First Crusade in 1099 when Crusaders killed thousands of Muslim and Jewish inhabitants, Saladin’s conquest was marked by mercy. He allowed many Christian inhabitants to leave safely and even paid ransoms for those who could not afford their own freedom.

His humane treatment of the city’s residents earned him respect not only among Muslims but also among his Christian enemies. The fall of Jerusalem sent shockwaves throughout Europe and prompted the launch of the Third Crusade.

Saladin and the Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) brought prominent European leaders to the Holy Land, including Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Despite fierce battles and political maneuvering, neither side gained a decisive advantage.

Saladin and Richard developed a mutual respect during the campaign. Although they were enemies on the battlefield, their interactions demonstrated remarkable chivalry and diplomacy. For example, when Richard fell ill, Saladin sent him his personal physician and fresh fruits. Their negotiation eventually led to the Treaty of Jaffa in 1192, which allowed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem even though it remained under Muslim control. shutdown123